Japanese terms
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Numbers
When counting in the dojo we use just the first syllable of each Japanese number for shorter, sharper counting.
1 - ichi
2 - ni
3 - san
4 - shi
5 - go
6 - roku
7 - shichi
8 - hachi
9 - ku (kyuu)
10 - juu -
Attacks
Arm attacks:
* tsuki – punch
* oi-zuki – lunge punch
* gyaku-zuki – reverse punch
* kizami-zuki – jab punch
* nukite – spear-hand (thrust)
* ura-ken – back hand (strike)
* empi – elbow (strike)Leg attacks :
* keri – kick
* mae-geri – front (snap) kick
* mawashi-geri – round house kick
* (yoko-geri) kekomi – side thrust kick
* (yoko-geri) keage – side snap kick
* ushiro-geri – back (thrust) kick -
Attacking levels and blocks
Attacking levels
* jou-dan – “upper level” / face
* chuudan – “middle level” / stomach / solar plexus
* gedan – “lower level” / groinBlocks:
* age-uke – rising block
* soto-uke – outside block
* uchi-uke – inside block
* gedan barai – down block / “lower level sweep”
* shuto-uke – knife-hand block
* nagashi-uke – “flushing block” / deflecting block
* juuji-uke – two-handed “cross” block -
Kata (forms)
* heian shodan – “stable and secure” / “stable peace,” “first level”
* heian nidan – ditto, “second level”
* heian sandan – ditto, “third level”
* heian yondan – you can probably guess…
* heian godan
* tekki shodan – “iron horseman,” “first level”
* tekki nidan
* tekki sandan
* junro - ordinary path
* bassai dai – “destroying a fortress” greater version *
* enpi – “flight of the swallow”
* jion – “compassion and favour”
* kanku dai – “observing the sky/emptiness” greater version*
* jitte – “ten hands”
* hangetsu – “half moon”
* nijushiho – “twenty-four steps”
* gankaku – “boulder crane” (the bird on a rock)
* sochin [sou-chin] – “strength and control”
* bassai sho [shou] – “destroying a fortress” lesser version *
* kanku sho [shou] – “observing the sky/emptiness” “lesser” version *
* unsu [unsuu] – “cloud hands”
* gojushiho (dai) – “fifty-four steps,” greater version *
* gojushiho sho [shou] – “fifty-four steps” lesser version *
* meikyo [meikyou] – “bright mirror”
* ji’in – “compassion and shadow”
* chinte – “rare hands”
* wankan – “king’s crown”* Kata with “sho” or “dai” attached (“lesser” or “greater”) is just a way of distinguishing between different kata.
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Kumite (Sparring)
Kumite
* kumite – sparring
* (kihon) gohon kumite – (basic) five-step sparring
* (kihon) sanbon kumite – (basic) three-step sparring
* (kihon) ippon kumite – (basic) one-step sparring
* jiyuu ippon kumite – semi-free one-step sparring
* (jiyuu) kumite – free sparring -
Other terms
* dojo – “way place,” the place where you train
* dojo kun – dojo etiquette
* hajime – begin
* hikite - pulling hand
* ki-ai – “spirit focus” / a focusing yell
* kihon – basic(s)
* kime – “decision” / focus
* kou-hai – junior student
* mawatte – turn
* mokusou – “quiet meditation”
* rei – bow
* seiza – “proper sitting” / kneeling
* sempai – senior student
* sensei - instructor
* yame – stop
* yasume – rest, relax
* youi – “get ready”